Emergy Perspectives on the Argentine Economy Throughout the Twentieth Century
نویسندگان
چکیده
Governments around the world evaluate economic performance using macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP. In this study emergy accounting was used to assess the economy of Argentina during the 20 century. Emergy evaluations of the Argentine economy for five time periods (1900-1929, 1930-1943, 1944-1975, 1976-1989, and 1990-1995) were conducted. Results were compared with evaluations of other countries. Argentina started the century relying mostly on the use of renewable energy, with nonrenewable energy increasing its importance as the economy developed. The relative position of Argentina with regard to its international debt in emergy terms was also evaluated. In emergy terms, Argentina had already paid its external debt by 1985. In 1996, the accumulated emergy value of total debt services represented 2.9 times the emergy of the total debt stocks. The unfair terms of trade for Argentina and many developing countries are at the heart of the external debt issue. Results of an analysis of emergy terms of trade showed the influence of macroeconomic policies on sustainability. As an exporter of commodities (oil, minerals, agricultural products), Argentina is providing buyers more emergy than she receives in exchange. Changing them should be the base for a realistic strategy towards the solution of this issue.
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